The tale of Turandot
In 1919, Giacomo Puccini - the great Italian composer of verisimo (true-life) operas - was struck with a different form of inspiration. He wanted to try something new for his operas - a fairytale: but, because he was Puccini, he needed a fairytale that included drama, fantasy, and an exotic setting. So he set to work with libbretist Renato Simoni, who took it upon himself to search through another writer's works. That writer was the playwright Carlo Gozzi, who had written at least ten fiabe drammatiche, dramatic fables. One of these fables was that of the Chinese ice-princess, Turandotte (read: tu-ran-dot). So with the help of Guiseppe Adami, Simoni got to work cutting through Gozzi's five-act Turandotte and coming up with more simple characters and plotlines, in three acts.
The librettists got their work cut out for them, though. Puccini was adamant and demanding. Simoni and Adami had to make several revisions before Puccini could accept any of their work. Puccini wanted his Turandot to be something very different, yet also very distinctly Puccini. Sadly, the composer died in 1924, leaving only notes for the two last, unfinished scenes of the opera, which was then taken up by Franco Alfano, a student of Puccini's. And with the help of Puccini's notes, Alfano was able to debut Puccini's Turandot in 1926, under the baton of Arturo Toscanini, who ended the opera (on its debut) abruptly at the point where Puccini had stopped and Alfano began (in honour of Puccini's death). The next night, Turandot returned, this time with the proper Alfano ending.
Turandot is the story of an ancient Chinese Princess and her unyielding hatred for men. (Sounds quite like me when I was in high school) As I was saying, Puccini wanted to try something new and exotic, so he chose this story as his vehicle. Its elaborate orchestrations echo the even more elaborate sets and costumes of the cast. I've seen pictures and a documentary about the staging of this opera (for the first time) in China, inside the Forbidden Palace, and I've seen other Turandot sets, and NONE of them are simple. All of them are overly decorated, very Chinese, and very elegant.
The opera opens with a Mandarin officer announcing Principessa Turandot's latest victim: the Prince of Persia (no, not the video game!). In the streets, the uknown Prince wanders about, until he sees an old man and a slave girl being trampled by a crowd of people eager to see the execution of the Persian Prince. The unknown Prince then recognizes the old man as King Timur, his father - the dethroned King of Tartar (not the one you get if you don't brush your teeth!), accompanied by the servant-girl Liu (not Lucy!).
The people grow weary and they demand for the blood of the Prince of Persia - who will be executed, under Turandot's command, at the first light of the moon. The Prince's only crime, really, is that he had been foolish enough to court La Principessa Turandot, and seek her hand in marriage. Many others had come before him, and all of them had been killed because Turandot, being the most beautiful princess in the world (!!!), has decreed that she will only marry a man of royal blood who is able to answer three of her riddles correctly. If they don't get the answer though, they get their heads chopped off. Sounds like a pretty fair trade, doesn't it? (Bakit kaya hindi sila winarla ng ibang mga royal families, e dined ni lola Turandot ang mga royal Princes. Imagine kung si Prince William yun, e di sinugod sya ng mga madlang chickas!)
When the Prince of Persia is brought out, everyone sees how young and beautiful his face is. Moved with pity, the entire populace (including Lui, Timur, and the unknown Prince) cry and beg for Turandot to be merciful and spare the boy-prince's life. She, of course, doesn't waver. The Mandarin strikes, and he later appears with the Persian's severed head (ooohhhh, parang Salome!). The crowd is outraged, but everyone feared Turandot.
Turandot appears at her balcony, and the people all prostrate themselves begging her mercy. Cursing the Princess, the unknown Prince remains standing and sees Turandot. He is instantly smitten, and resolves to win Turandot for his own. Timur asks his son to keep away from the Princess, and Turandot's advisers (Ping, Pong, and Pang) all advice the same. The Prince, however, is not swayed. Liu then begs the Prince not to gamble with his life - for she is deeply in love with him, ever since that day when he smiled at her while they were at the Tartar Palace. The Prince is still unconvinced, and he rushes to the Palace to ring the gong and summon Turandot.
She appears before the entire populace, dressed gloriously in gold, and addresses the crowd and the unknown Prince with a little story... Once, not very long ago, in this Palace, a beautiful maiden lived - Principessa Luo-ling. But one day, with much trembling, uproar, noise, and whatnot, soldiers arrived - men who had invaded the country, had snuck into the Palace. One of them dragged Luo-ling away, and in a corner, he stifled her voice... Luo-ling turns out be Turandot's ancestor, and now she has been reborn as Turandot - and her anger against men has grown greatly.
So Turandot warns Calaf not to tempt the fates, because many other had tried to win her, but no one has ever succeeded. But the Prince still wants to try... So Turandot gives him her first riddle.
What is it that is like a phantom that is born each night, but dies every dawn only to be reborn in all the hearts of the people?
The Prince thinks awhile... then he answers: Turandot, it is Hope!
He is right, and Turandot pushes on...
What is it that is red like fire but does not burn; it rises with fever and passion, and grows cold if you lose heart or die?
The Prince thinks for a longer moment... Blood! Again, he is right. Turandot is unfazed, but orders the guards to smite the people who had been cheering the Prince on. (No coaching!!! YOU DIE!!!)
What is it that is cold as ice, but burns hotter than flame; if you take it is turns you into a slave, if it accepts you as a slave, it makes you a King?
The Prince thinks for the longest time.. and then exclaims his victory... My fire shall thaw you - TURANDOT!!!
The people are ecstatic. The Prince has answered all the riddles correctly, and claims Turandot for himself. But Turandot pleads with her father, the Emperor Altoum, not to give her away like a slave-girl, defeated and shamed. But the emperor decrees that she should stick with her oath. So the Prince bargains with her - no one in the Kingdom knows his name, and if Turandot discovers it, he shall gladly give up his life for her.
So Turandot commands all the people in the Kingdom not to sleep - Nessun Dorma!! - until they discover the stranger's name. If they do not discover the Prince's name by daybreak, Turandot will have all of the townspeople killed. So, desperate, they offer Turandot the slave-girl Liu and Timur. The soldiers take Timur in and he is confronted by Turandot, wearing a veil (to shield her eyebagged beauty, no one sleeps remember?). But Liu immediately intercedes - "Only I know the name of the Prince!"
And so, Turandot has Liu tortured infront of all the people. She, however, remains faithful to the Prince. Turandot asks her the source of her strength and Liu explains to her that she has been in love with the Prince since he smiled at her at the Palace in Tartar. Turandot is slightly shaken by this revelation...
Nevertheless, the torture works and Liu can bear no more. But instead of giving Turandot the Prince's name, she pulls a dagger off one of the guards and stabs herself. Turandot is now greatly affected, and after the people carry off Liu's body for a proper burial, Turandot is left with the Prince.
The Prince calls her angrily the Princess of Death, the Princess of Ice. He runs to her, holds her in his hands and tears off the veil which protected her face. The Prince tries to kiss Turandot, but she resists him saying that she is no mere mortal - that to love her, the Prince must be a heavenly being (meaning - die ka muna bago kita kiss!). After some struggle, the Prince kisses Turandot and her hearts melts (na-horny daw ba?)... She confesses that she had felt nothing for all the other princes that she had had killed, but the moment she saw the Prince, she was afraid of him, of how he made her feel.
The Prince then gives Turandot his name - Calaf, the lost Prince of Tartar. So, armed with the name of the Prince, Turandot summons the people at the break of dawn.
They assemble in front of Emperor Altoum's throne... "Father, I know his name! His name is.....
"Love."
Turandot embraces Calaf, and the people rejoice for their Principessa has finally found a Prince to melt her cold heart...